Style & Genre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Style and Genre - Essay Example Besides, it solaces individuals in ceremonies and in communicating physical wellness too. The way that music is usually listened doesn't mean everybody is a fun and for the individuals who hear it out pick as indicated by their preferences. It is likewise picked by age and references of different gatherings. It causes individuals to unwind and decrease unhelpful musings in life thus annihilating or diminishing worry in everyday life. Notwithstanding that, it upgrades mind-set administration and diminishes depression. It keeps individuals occupied in their activities and decreases inaction therefore lessening time squandered in terrible things, for example, association in drugs. Term this alludes to sound length and hushes in the middle of music that incorporates beats and mood. This can be seen during quietness period, where beats make the music moving, along these lines upgrading music pleasantness. Pitch-this is appeared by the height or lowness in music sound. It is one of the viewpoints thought about when making a tune. In the event that the pitch is excessively high, stable is heard to be bothering and doesn't draw listener’s consideration. Elements this is portrayed by sound volume of the tune. It is the delicate quality and commotion of the music and how individual stresses on sounds. On the off chance that the volume is excessively high to audience members, at that point many won't make enthusiasm to it however it isn't prescribed to be excessively delicate. Tone shading this is the thing that permits the music audience to separate or recognize sound sources or mix of sound sources. In the event that the individual’s voices are joined with the instrument sounds, the music turns out to be all the more intriguing subsequently drawing the consideration of many. Formal and specialized principles Johnson, Fulcher and Ertman (2007) underline that, these standards are the most considered in music creation. Many may not place into thought different standards in that capacity, however these are as an absolute necessity to be applied in music language. This is on the grounds that the music ought to have a well language structure sentences and

Baroque Architecture

Florid Architecture Works of well known engineers and stone workers What is Baroque Architecture? A Style beginning in late sixteenth Century Italy Consists of complex Architectural arrangement shapes, frequently dependent on the oval. Dynamic restriction and entomb entrance of spaces were supported to featured the sentiment of movement and arousing quality. Other trademark characteristics incorporate:- Grandeur †Drama and Contrast †Courageousness †Twisting components †Gilded sculpture He was the child of a stonemason and started his vocation as a stonemason himself. He before long went predominant investigation and practice his craft.He moved torment 1619 and began working for Carlo Modern, Bromine's genuine name was Francesco Castillo. When he had gotten set up in Rome, he changed his name from Castles' to Bromine, He worked inside Lorenz Bernardino the structure of the fundamentalist's. Dwindle Basilica , the two later turned out to be unpleasant opponents. Fra ncesco Borrowings the ace of bended divider design. He was affected by the engineering of Michelangelo and the remnants of Antiquity. His engineering utilizes controls of Classical structural structures, geometrical exciting with emblematic implications behind his structures. Ђ Classical engineering structures, geometrical methods of reasoning in his arrangements and representative implications in his structures. Acclaimed works of Bromine Architecture San Cairo rear entryway Squatter Fontanne Sandal's all Seaplane, 1660 Colleges did Propaganda Fide Santiago SE in Agony The Sandal's all Oratory Sapience and Palazzo bite the dust Filipino Assonant zone dell Fretter Barbering San Carlo back street Equator Fontanne Falconer Spade San Giovanni in Lateran San Cairo rear entryway Squatter Fontanne Bromine's first free bonus This minuscule church, alongside its Rudyard, is one of the most significant landmarks of the ornate style in Rome.

Europe and its Relationship with the World

Europe and its relationship to the universe From the clasp through mid 1800’s to mid 1900’s, Europe has changed a clump in numerous parts. For example, the Gallic upset and the Spanish and Lusitanian are looking to set up their settlement, to disperse their ain human advancement and confidence like Christian. There are, undouble, a clump of headways during that cut that can strongly be found, while the meaning of progression can be comprehended in various way, there are non just positive headway, however adjacent to a cluster of negative progression. In European’s thought at that cut, they quite think the progression is certain, while for those indigens who live in European settlement they may happen a bunch of vile and see this headway that made by Europe is negative. We can non deny the advantage that the Europe has made at that cut, however to see the connection among Europe and the universe between 1800-1914 negative headways are increasingly evident in view of European industrialisation and colonialis m. A cluster of outlines can be found during 1800-1914 to demo the dominion of Europeans is non acknowledged by the indigens. We can see Europeans at that clasp were non so effective when they are looking to build the relationship with Africa. From the novel â€Å"Thingss Fall Apart†[ 1 ] by Chinua Achebe, the author expounds on how the Europeans rewarded Africans in an unjustifiable way, from the time of industrialisation. Europeans showed up in West Africa non for harmony yet for the slaves, they need oppress the Africans and permit them go the free work for Europe and work for Europe.Achebe indicated how the local respond when they catch wind of the Europeans, â€Å" We have heard accounts about white work powers who made the ground-breaking weapons and the solid beverages and removed slaves over the oceans, however no 1 idea the stories were genuine † [ 2 ] ( Ch. 15 Achebe ) . We can see the Africans do non even think Europeans as one of world will deal with their comr ades as slaves, yet they were wrong. In the terminal of the novel, we can see there was about no viable progression has been made between the Africans and the Europeans. In the antonym, the Europeans truly had devastated all the great would like to the European that Africans used to hold and pass on war to them non only for their property however adjacent to for their confidence. In the book Okonkwo says to Obrierika, â€Å"He [ Europeans ] came delicately and pacifically with his confidence. We were diverted at his imprudence and permitted him to remain. Presently he has won our siblings and our kinfolk can no longer move like one † [ 3 ] ( Ch. 20 Achebe ) . The Europeans utilization intends to change over certain individuals from the indigens to Christianity, however motivation different indigens to loathe Christian. To be completely forthright, we can non happen any positive headway that was made between the Europeans and the Africans in light of the fact that the childish ness of Europeans make they exploited indigens land and work however just pass on products to their ain state. In add-on, we other than can happen this uncalled for in the novel â€Å"This Earth of mankind† which expounds on a youthful grown-up male, Minke, who can populate a rather basic life as an understudy in a Dutch secondary school in Surabaya, Indonesia. In spite of the fact that he is one of only a handful not many Natives who surveies in his school, he despite everything do non lose sure for himself. In any case, Minke’s life starts to change when he meets and begins to look all starry eyed at the most excellent miss he has ever observed. Annelies is a blended blood young lady of a Native and an European man of undertakings. Her female parent as a local get familiar with a few sorts of phonetic correspondence and really exceptional. When Minke’s relationship with Ann develops further, individuals of the town begin to state he and Annelies is illicit, yet even his life is undermined and he is brought to the court, he despite everything keeps on battling against th e unfairnesss of the specialists, non just need to win yet to help mankind and its privileges. Despite the fact that Minke and Annelies in the end lose yet they do demo to this Earth of world an extraordinary outline that bigotry will ne'er be a decent way to deal with individuals and justness will in the end come. This is an incredible novel that shows how individuals battle against for their right. Unique in relation to â€Å"Thingss Fall Apart†, â€Å"this Earth of mankind† [ 4 ] shows a negative progression of Europe’s government has cause yet show us an inspirational demeanor about how to resist the shamefulness under the colonialism. This article shows the expectation and the dominion will in the end do Europe lose the individuals. Jules Ferry other than discusses the growth of frontier and what character should the Europeans had in the event that they need to progress, â€Å"In an Europe, or rather in a universe subsequently established, an arrangement of backdown or restraint is simply the high course to wantonness! † [ 5 ] ( On French Colonial Expansion ) . This kind of technique improved the connections yet only blocked the headway of the dealingss among Europe and the universe. Other than from the data of â€Å"Chadwick ‘s Report on Sanitary Conditions† , â€Å"That the one-year death toll from muck and awful airing are more noteworthy than the misfortune from expire or sores in any wars in which the state has been occupied with present day times† [ 6 ] Shows the terrible wellbeing conditions in Europe during that cut. These might be brought about by the exorbitantly numerous settlements and will other than pass on this malady to the individuals who are indigens that ne'er run in to such ailments. It is hard to state it is sure or negative, yet it does terrible outcome on indigens. The industrialisation other than causes occupations for Europe. No 1 can prevent the significance from claiming industrialisation, on the grounds that without it the entirety of our advanced machines can be a muffle, however Karl Marx other than show the injury that industrialisation cause to the lower degree individuals. In his article â€Å"Manifesto of the Communist Party† , he called attention to that with the higher improvement of the industrialisation, it non just makes large scale manufacturing all the more simple however close to expand the spread between the rich and the hapless. In his article he said â€Å"From the moment when work can never again be changed over into capital, cash, or lease, into a cultural force fit for being consumed, for example , from the moment when single things can never again be changed into common possessions, into capital, from that minute, you state, independence vanishes† [ 7 ] which shows the battle between the works and the upp er degree. His notion about upheaval can other than be view as conceivable emergency of the Europe. So half positive and half negative is the thing that the history’s rating about industrialisation. In any case, there is some positive headway that Europe did all through the 19Thursdayand 20Thursdaycentury is in footings of women’s rights. At the pervious age grown-up females were treated with around zero respect before the Revolution began. Womans do non hold indistinguishable rights from grown-up male, they only observe as accessory of work powers. Be that as it may, here and there they were other than â€Å"used† like work powers, or even mentioned higher than grown-up male like work longer than grown-up male with less compensation. Ladies and children were seen making the â€Å"same kind of subterranean work, and to work for a similar figure of hours, as male childs and men† [ 8 ] ( Women Miners ) . The grown-up females dress like work powers, fill in as work powers yet at the same time can non win their respect. The Revolution altered the way that grown-up females were utilized to deal with a cluster on the grounds that after the transformation grown-up females had their opportunity and rights, which is entirely simple however was ne'er heard before the 1800’s. This is unequivocally a positive progression Europeans have made. The headway of the European industrialisation, dominion and their relationship with the universe in choice can be view as negative. Europeans devastated civilisations for doing their human advancement and advantages. Use other’s work for their ain self-centeredness. At the point when they discover a way that suits them best, they did non falter to deal with others like African disgraceful. The Africans were subjugated like they are non human by any stretch of the imagination. In add-on, the common war that was brought about by Gallic Revolution other than influenced France’s relationship with other European states by affecting each other’s issues, for example, exchange ( Lecture ) [ 9 ] . Positive progression was made by Europeans by effectively bettering their finicky conditions and giving fit rights to the grown-up females, however in any event, for these positive headways, they are as yet made for their ain state and society non for different settlements. So e ntirely taking all things together, the self-centeredness overwhelms the Europeans and makes their headway associated with the universe at 1800-1914 negative

Management and Organization Culture in Global Environment

Question: Examine about the Management and Organization Culture in Global Environment. Answer: Presentation In this exposition, the meaning of hierarchical culture will be portrayed alongside the elements deciding the Organizational culture of Woolworths. Woolworths have a constructive authoritative culture with their standard to treat individuals with nobility and regard. Besides, the system through which the association culture influence the character, the difficulties the association face will be done. In conclusion, a portion of the proposal that Woolworths ought to consider will likewise examine. Martin (2014) characterizes that the term hierarchical culture takes after the common valuesand supposition of an association that likewise speaks to the general conduct approach of the worker towards the association. In addition, a few elements decide the authoritative culture-images, customs, story, control and force connect (Alvesson 2012). Liliana et al. (2015) portrays that the image connotes the initiative rules that an association has. In addition, customs feature whether the authoritative culture improves the observation and working capacity of the worker. Martin (2014) delineates that associations story represents the idea of the business that is whether the approaches, methodology and workplace is successful to advance the authoritative culture. Notwithstanding that, control and force interface takes after the situation, where the productivity of the association to speak with the customer is estimated, and the enlisting and choosing the correct sorts of representatives is e xecuted individually. It is additionally examined by Liliana et al. (2015) that authoritative societies help in more prominent occupation fulfillment, worker and-client commitment and results in prevalent employment execution. Woolworths have a few needs that are Building a client and store-drove culture and group by creating practical deals energy in the flexibly of food (Woolworthsgroup.com.au 2016). The concerned association likewise reestablishes their stores programs and fixes their fundamental procedure on center client offer with the goal that better items and administrations can be given to the association. Along these lines, they can make a future that can satisfy all the clients request. Janicijevic (2013) referenced that following all the lawful commitments and achieving all the business procedures morally, makes the worker related with the association for a more drawn out time. In this way, they placethe customeron the need rundown and tunes in to their requests alongside treating their representative similarly regardless of their various races. This takes after that they likewise esteem broadening among their worker, follow all the legitimate commitments of work, wellbeing and security strategy, reasonable compensation frameworks, and don't oppress them. The test that the association faces is the confliction among the working staff as it is preposterous each opportunity to incorporate representative while arranging a few strategies for better associations culture (Cummings and Worley 2014). In addition, Harper (2015) feature that the an excessive number of basic layersdiminish the adequacy of the correspondence of the worker with the overseeing specialists. Notwithstanding, it is suggested that this misfortune can be overwhelmed by the remembering all the workers for the dynamic procedure by directing customary gathering and meetings. In the event that conceivable, it is smarter to give a brief look at the up and coming authoritative approaches to the workers. Auh et al. (2014) depict that this standard gathering not just causes Woolworths to give significance to every one of their representatives yet it will likewise lessen the contentions among the working staff alongside the better correspondence between the administrators and the workers. Consequently, it very well may be reasoned that representatives are the key partner to do the hierarchical culture and they are the individuals, who are proposed to serve their best in fulfilling the clients need. In this manner, carrying on well with them and give them esteems to their exertion is a critical commitment. An issue with clashes and poor correspondence among the overseeing specialists and worker can be overwhelmed by facilitating ordinary gatherings for talking about exercises identified with associations culture and system. Association Structure and Strategy In this area, the idea of association structure and procedure alongside its significance will be talked about. Utilization of six components of the authoritative structure will likewise be outlined which will be trailed by the divisional and practical structure of the Woolworths. Difficulties in actualizing the association structure, its related suggestion will likewise be examined in this exposition. Rothaermel (2015) feature that a business structure is only a conventional design of the chain of importance of the association whiles the business procedure means a down to earth plan for accomplishing an association's crucial. The connection between these two viewpoints is that so as to achieve the associations design, viable techniques must be actualized (Ashkenas et al. 2015). The significance of the authoritative structure has assessed the adequacy of the dynamic, method of correspondence and the exhibition of the representative. The six key components of the association structure are-work specialization, departmentalization, levels of leadership, a range of control, centralization/decentralization and formalization (Williams 2013). In Woolworths, the work is partitioned into various partners like providers give the items that are put away in their retail locations, the representative offer these items to the clients and the overseeing specialists assess the whole procedure. The departmentalization for Woolworths contains the accompanying components: Notwithstanding that, item departmentalization takes after the how every administrator is answerable for a region inside Woolworths and is delineated in the graph beneath: In setting with the geographic authoritative structure, the geographic areas structure of the companyis spoke to as per the geographic locales where Woolworths is working current and is spoken to beneath: In addition, with regards to the hierarchy of leadership, Woolworths applied three ideas of power that are to instruct individuals so as to acquire hierarchical culture alongside the commitment to play out any relegated obligations. Ashkenas et al. (2015) feature that with respect to range of control, higher item quality is underlined more and in this way stricter ruleshave to be executed. Woolworths follows the decentralization approach, which takes after that lower-level administrators are competent and competent at deciding. They can legitimately speak with their more significant position authority. In conclusion, Daft (2012) portray that enlistment of compelling worker connotes the Woolworths approach towards formalization that is done in a few stages like a screening of their applications, facilitating of meetings and afterward evaluations like situational tests. The test for this situation, Woolworths face is the correspondence among the local VPs of Woolworths that is suggeste d can be overwhelmed by customary gatherings and utilizing of trend setting innovation like video conferencing with the goal that refreshes in authoritative functionalities can be talked about appropriately (Liliana et al. 2015). End In this manner, it very well may be reasoned that Woolworths has their key performing places in Australia yet is planned to develop to different areas like New Zealand and India. The issue in masterminding the hierarchical structure is the correspondence between all the overseeing specialists that can be overwhelmed by normal contacts and embedding the idea of information sharing. Reference List Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding hierarchical culture. Sage. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. also, Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless association: Breaking the chains of hierarchical structure. John Wiley Sons. Auh, S., Spyropoulou, S., Menguc, B. also, Uslu, A., 2014. When and how does deals group strife influence deals group performance?.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(6), pp.658-679. Cummings, T.G. furthermore, Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization turn of events and change. Cengage learning. Ignorant, R., 2012.Organization hypothesis and structure. Nelson Education. Harper, C., 2015.Organizations: Structures, procedures and results. Routledge. Janicijevic, N., 2013. The shared effect of hierarchical culture and structure.Ekonomski Anali/Economic Annals,58(198), pp.35-60. Liliana, N., George, B. also, Gabriel-Iulian, T., 2015. The New Organizational Culture.Ovidius University Annals, Series Economic Sciences,15(1). Martin, J., 2014. Authoritative Culture and Leadership.Leadership in Academic Libraries Today: Connecting Theory to Practice, p.143. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic administration. McGraw-Hill. Williams, C., 2013.Principles of the executives. South-Western/Cengage Learning. Woolworthsgroup.com.au., 2016.Strategy and destinations - Woolworths Group. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-approach/system and-destinations/

Short Biography Dexter Gordon free essay sample

Jazz monster in both the allegorical and strict sense, Dexter Keith Gordon Is conceived In Los Angels, California. He Is the main child of a Dry. Plain Alexander Gordon and Secondly Gordon. Through his dads social childhood, and his casual training in the Lionel Hampton, and Billy Stickiness Orchestras, Gordon leaves his blemish on the jazz world and its history at a youthful age. Being a heritage of Lester Young in youth to an adjustment of Charlie Parsers bebop and consonant mindfulness, Dexter Gordon meshed himself into the tenor legacy.Even increasingly table then his modern and comical language lies his unmistakable huge one end to the other sound and tone. Alongside all these imaginative characteristics, Cordons tremendous six feet six Inch outline, and charming methodology of cool commendation his cordial amusingness and behind the beat cadence. Living and thriving in a time of racial and craftsman unfriendly society, being found, lost, and rediscovered, and building up himself as one of the most compelling saxophonists of the bop period, Long Tall Dexter Gordon carried on with an intriguing melodic life, both perceived and regarded. We will compose a custom paper test on Short Biography: Dexter Gordon or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Since his days in clinical school, Dry.Frank Alexander Gordon cherished and respected Jazz and Its performers. He even shown himself how to play the clarinet, and encircle himself in the Jazz world, having Duke Longtime, Lionel Hampton, and Marshall Royal as patients. It is no uncertainty that Dexter Gordon reacted energetically and suddenly to his dads music since Dry. Honest Gordon was one of a couple of regarded African American specialists during the twenties and thirties. Watching his children jumping at the chance to music, Dry. Gordon Immediately set him at age seven under the oversight of a youthful clarinet player named John Stuyvesant.For the following five to eight years Dexter Gordon examines the clarinet, actually meets set up artists through his dads practice, and is taken to jazz exhibitions including behind the stage get to once in a while. Dexter Gordon guaranteed this was his social childhood before his dads sensational passing at the young age of twelve, which he never would completely recoup from. Dexter Gordon didnt play the saxophone until the age of fifteen where his mom, Secondly Gordon, got him a symbol alto with a hard reed and an elastic mouth piece. Dexter started to consider the saxophone under the oversight of Lloyd Reese.HIS first presentation to an exhibition setting was In an instrumental gathering called the Harlem Collegians which for the most part acted in neighborhood beginner appears; the instrumentation included: kazoo, washtub, pie container, catch drums, and a Jug. Gordon additionally played in the Jefferson High School band, which included Buddy Collette, Ernie Royal, Jackie Keels, Chic Hamilton, and James Nelson with well disposed visits by Charles Musings. By the age of seventeen, Cordon developed to his full stature of SIX feet SIX Inches and informally went to late night jam meetings and exhibitions in the club and bar scene in L. A.The Joe Louis resemble the other the same, Gordon, ended up welcomed by Marshall Royal to play in the Lionel Hampton Big Band, alongside Ernie Royal and Lee Young. This is a basic time in Dexter Cordons advancement, explicitly in his musicianship and specialized office. The Lionel Hampton Orchestra was Cordons melodic training, where Marshall Royal and Illinois Jacket were Like his coach/educators. Which is one of the three characteristics in his creativity. Like Lester Young, Gordon had a behind the beat cadenced quality in his playing, however, as Illinois Jacket guaranteed, he didn't see how to play the saxophone properly.His tone and sound were immature, his stance with his instrument was off, and his language was as yet juvenile, yet he had an inborn capacity to interface with his crowd. Out of nowhere the break came. This person Dexter Gordon, obviously a mammoth even from the seat up he began to ascend as he played the break. .. What's more, the break was Lester Young break from Miss Thing And the individuals shouted. (peg. 41, Bruit) While Dexter played in the Lionel Hampton Band, he immediately decided there should have been a change with his instrument, in this way he burned through three to 400 dollars on a newIcon tenor saxophone, with Illinois Jackets metal mouthpiece. This change assumes a gigantic job in Cordons inheritance as being one of the tenor greats with the discernable tremendous sound. His sound is a significant quality in his own way of life as a Jazz soloist, where adherents like Sonny Rollins aim from. Enormous tone and one end to the other sound is the second of three imaginative Dexter Gordon characteristics, last is his bebop and hard pop language, which is likewise presented in his Hampton Orchestra years.In an exhibition at the Savoy assembly hall in New York, Gordon saw a lacking yet creative alto player in the Jay McMahon band named, Charlie Parker. The Jay McMahon and Lionel Hampton band played right opposite one another in the Savoy ball room that night. Not until 1945 does Charlie Parker genuinely set up the bebop language, yet this second was Testers first genuine introduction to these new consonant and melodic thoughts. In 1943, Dexter Gordon left the Lionel Hampton Orchestra to take a break from the relentless visiting for as long as more than two years.During this brief period, Gordon plays nearby L. A. Gigs with Jesse Price, Lee Young, Fletcher Henderson, Nat King Cole, and Charles Musings. This is a huge point in Cordons profession, since he had the option to record the main collection under his own name, Nat King Cole Meets the Master Saxes, somewhat due to Nat King Coles ubiquity. This account meeting had just been Cordons second time in any studio. Not long after in 1944 during a gig with Jesse Price, Gordon acknowledged a challenge to play in the Louis Armstrong Band. Gordon was turning out to be to some degree a nearby saint, which is by all accounts a typical pattern for him thinking about his later years. Now with his relationship with Cole and with Armstrong, he in a roundabout way got a great deal of media consideration. Gordon asserted that playing with Armstrongs band wasnt creatively fulfilling, however Armstrong was about affection, love, love (peg. 50, Bruit) and this brilliant open door influenced any mistake. During the Armstrong months, Gordon had just built up a far reaching sound, a yearned Lester Young sound, in spite of the absence of performances in contrast with the Hampton Orchestra.After the half year time frame, Gordon came back to Central Avenue in L. A. To play nearby gigs, which end up being fleeting after a solicitation to the Billy Stickiness Orchestra. Gordon was to supplant an Eli Lucky Thompson who was welcomed into the Count Basis Orchestra at that point. Turns out Lucky Thompson isnt so fortunate considering the saxophone segment of this Stickiness line up in the long run is viewed as probably the best area ever. Sonny Sit, John Jackson, Leo Parker, and Dexter Gordon are named as the Unholy Four during this Blowing Away The Blues. Gordon was anticipating with power and certainty, taking each solo with a blend of silliness and full stable. Tenacity would be the last developing procedure to a develop and recognizable sound. The second 50% of the Forties in New York is the most noteworthy point in Cordons vocation before his vanishing in the Fifties, where he would wind up in brilliant organization like Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, and Bud Powell. In 1945 Gordon leaves the Billy Sistine Orchestra to show up in powerful 52nd Street and the New York Jazz scene.He plays for a brief timeframe with the All Star Charlie Parker Sextet: Parker, Bud Powell, Miles Davis, Curler Russell, Stan Levee or Mac Roach. Now, Bebop was at that point being authored, which demonstrates critical for Testers personality since he had the chance to watch it direct as a sideman for a while consistently. The period September 1945 to January 1946 end up being one of Cordons most significant profession astute chances, were he made a progressi on of chronicles with the Savoy record mark under his own name. He likewise made a remarkable account The Hunt with his kindred sax-men Warders Gray, which can be finished up as his most significant recorded sax fight. Alongside his enormous band advancement, his selection of Charlie Parsers mindfulness end up being separated of Cordons cosmetics, in which he would stay in contact with his underlying foundations all through the remainder of his vocation. The Fifties were a troublesome period for Gordon, where he recorded his unequivocal rowers just in the initial scarcely any years prior to his capture toward the finish of 1952 for ownership of heroin.Between 1952-1955, Gordon was held in a low security jail in Chino, California, where he would just play his horn with groups in Jail on the superintendents caution. With the West Coast Jazz scenes rise and his nonattendance, Gordon was to turn into a to some degree an overlooked figure. 1955 end up being incredibly troublesome with both Charlie Parker and dear companion Warders Greyer demise, where Warders met a dismal closure being dumped in the desert by Jazzmen, Teddy Hate, in the wake of overdosing on Heroine before a Joe Louis Gig in Alas Vegas.The sax-men who pretty much supplanted Cordons spotlight are Stan Get, in the primary portion of the Fifties, John Coloration and Sonny Rollins, in the subsequent half. In spite of Cordons delayed nonappearance from the scene, his work in the Forties had just harvested recorded outcomes in the fifties, with the two Chlorates language and Rollins tone and sound affected by Gordon. The Forties and Sixties are conceivably Cordons zenith focuses in the Jazz scene.With some karma Gordon makes two chronicles with an at the time youthful account name, Bethlehem, and one with the Denton name upon his discharge in 1955. 959-1960 was an odd and odd period for Gordon since his work was unpredictable and strange. This is for the most part because of his failure to recover a supper club

How to Make a Paper Longer the Smart Way

How to Make a Paper Longer the Smart Way (36) Meeting an essay’s required page or word count can sometimes be a struggle, especially if you’re juggling multiple papers or exams. In a pinch, students often rely on tricks like increasing margin size or making their font slightly bigger. Though these tricks do increase page length, there are easier (and smarter) ways to write a longer, high-quality essay. Making a paper meet minimum word or page counts doesn’t have to be an agonizing processâ€"you can add length while also adding clarity and depth. Here are 10 tips on how you can write a longer and a smarter essay, even if the deadline is fast approaching: Tip #1: Look Back at Your Prompt/Rubric/etc. If you’ve been provided a comprehensive prompt or rubric for an essay, read it, and read it again. Think about the following: Did you answer all of the questions in the prompt? Did you provide supporting evidence to back up whatever claims you made? Did you leave out any information that might increase the reader’s understanding of your argument? Did you meet all requirements (besides length) for the paper? If the answer isn’t a decisive “yes” to every question on this list, go back and revise. Tip #2: Go Back Through Your Introduction and Conclusion Often times, ideas evolve while writing a paper. If the first thing you wrote was the introduction, go back and reread the first paragraph. You might decide that you left out key information that aids the reader in understanding your argument. When looking back on the conclusion, make sure you’ve both summarized the main points within the essay and provided your reader with a solution to consider. If you don’t feel you’ve done this, go back through and revise the paper. Tip #3: Have Someone Proofread Your Essay Even if you’re short on time ask a friend, sibling, or parent to read through your paper, specifically noting any points they find confusing. Then, go back and revise the parts that were unclear, adding in more information to provide readers with further clarity. You have a more comprehensive understanding of what you’re writing about than your reader, so having someone else look over your paper can be a helpful way to ensure that you haven’t missed any important details. Tip #4: Use Quotations Chances are, you have already used quotes in your paper. Quotations are a great way to enhance your argument while also driving up a paper’s word count, but don’t add quotes just for the sake of doing so. If you’re short on words, read through your source materials again to see if you’ve missed any valuable quotes. You can also do a little more research to see if there are any other sources you can add to provide the reader with more evidence toward your argument. Longer quotes aren’t necessarily better, but if you’re really in a bind, you might want to lengthen some of the quotes that are already included. Tip #5: Review Your Outline Did you make an outline to plan the essay when you first started? Go back through that initial outline and make sure you’ve hit all of your intended points. It’s possible that you’ve left out an important piece of your argument that would both increase page count and make for a better essay. Tip #6: Include More Transitional Phrases Graders often look for traditional words linking sentences to each other, like “therefore,” “even though”, and “on the other hand.” Read through your essay and make sure the sentences flow smoothly into each other. If they don’t, go back and add in transitional phrases like the ones listed above. Your writing will be easier to read, and you’ll get closer to the minimum page requirement in the process. Tip #7: Read Your Paper Out Loud This might sound like a silly tip, but when you read your paper out loud, you become increasingly aware of any grammatical or syntactical issues. When you rephrase sentences to fix these, you might end up increasing the paper length a bit. In the process of reading out loud, you also might realize that you didn’t include sufficient details within a particular paragraph. If that’s the case, go back in and add more to increase length. Tip #8: Take a Break From Your Essay You’ve probably been staring at your computer screen for hours, hoping words will magically pop into your head. Take a break. Eat a snack, go for a walk, or talk to a friend on the phone. You’ll come back to the essay with a fresh perspective after some time away, and you might have new ideas after you’ve had time away from your paper. Tip #9: Ask Your Instructor for Help Most teachers, teaching assistants, and professors are willing to look over papers for students before the final submission date. If there is still time, ask if you can make an appointment to go over your paper or head over to office hours. Your instructor might offer tips on how to better answer the prompt, and this in turn may also increase the word count of the paper. Tip #10: Use multiple examples to back up your argument If you’ve only used one source or anecdote to explain a given point, find a second source to provide additional evidence for the reader. This method will help drive up a paper’s word count while also providing further support for your argument. Although hitting a minimum page count can sometimes be challenging, you can do it the smart way by increasing the information you provide to the readerâ€"there’s no reason to resort to tricks like increasing line spacing or font size. If you’re really in a bind at the last minute, you might want to break up some of your paragraphs. This increases length while also making text more manageable for a reader. But after going through the tips on this list, your paper should be adequate in length without you having to even consider spacing.

Parenting Styles Essay - 550 Words

Parenting Styles (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateParenting StylesParenting styles play an integral role in the development of a child. In fact, research has revealed that parenting styles can influence a child's social, cognitive, and psychological growth, which affects children both in the childhood years, and as an adult. This is because children develop through a number of stimuli, interaction, and exchange, which surround them. The fact that parents are regularly around a child's life they will influence him/her either negatively or positively (McGolerick 1). This paper discusses the parenting styles adopted by parents across different countries.The commonly known parenting styles are four. They include authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful parenting. Authoritative parenting is parenting style that is both responsive and demanding. Parents who use this parenting style teach their children to be independent while at the same time controlling their actions. Authoritative p arents understand their child's emotions, and they teach them how to control their feelings. In addition, these parents always demand maturity. Punishments are prevalent in this style, but they are not violent or arbitrary. This parenting style has the advantage that children respond accordingly due to the various set limits (Benson, Janette, and Marshall 64)..Authoritarian parenting is the next parenting style. It is also known as strict parenting, and it is both unresponsive and demanding. The central characteristic of this style is that parents expect their children to comply, and conform to every rule. This parenting style has little open communication between the parent and the child. Authoritarian parents normally require their children to follow the set rules without even a single explanation why the rules and limits are set. According to research, parents who adopt this parenting style are unresponsive to the child's emotional needs. As a result, these children tend to displ ay low social competence because their parents prevent them from making their own choices (Kendra 1).Indulgent parenting is a parenting style that is undemanding and responsive. Parents who adopt this style are normally permissive and lenient, only because they have few expectations from the child. Indulgent parents are usually involved with their children, but they set very few rules and limits. Children brought up through this style are often seen as rude and spoiled. This is because their parents do not teach them how to control their emotions (Benson, Janette, and Marshall 64).The last parenting style is neglectful parenti...

The Prices Of College Tuitions - 967 Words

The trend continues with the skyrocketing prices of college tuitions. This is not an uncommon issue the days of college tuition being affordable are slowly fading into the past. This conundrum has brought to light the idea of using tax money to help pay tuition. This idea has vast potential, but can it reach its potential. This is an issue that affects many people thus there is a multitude of literature on the issues of tax money being used for tuition. The literature ranges from an online to radio and through these mediums will provide the views on this issue. That range from the college and the use of funding from sports to the student. (NEEDS HEADING) Rise in tuition is often seen as a school trying to gauge as much as money as they can from the students. A view most forgotten in this argument is that of the school. The school has to have money to feed the students and house the students plus teach them. Those three things are a necessity for the students. Schools would face lawsuit after lawsuit if they failed to feed the students. The school also has to pay its employees and hire new ones that leave. The online article best value schools provide a view from a schools stance by informing the reader on issues schools face. The author points out the common issues. The more students the more money needed to support them and if a school wants to make money it will take as many as it can get (unknown). The schools also rely on government funding to help defray some of theShow MoreRelatedThe Price Of College Tuition1162 Words   |  5 PagesWe’re at a point of our high school career when we are looking at colleges and thinking about possible careers we want to pursue in the near future. But has the price tag on certain colleges have you thinking â€Å"I can’t afford that†, and made you look the other way? Well, I am here today to show you that the price of college tuition is an investment and will benefit you in your future careers. My opponent here might say that college costs have been increasing, or prestigious universities have pricedRead MoreRising Tuition Pri ces1384 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to get a good paying job, a college degree is required. More people are attending college in order to get better paying jobs, but is going to college worth a good job with rising tuitions across the nation? According to College Board, from 2002-2003 to 2012-2013, the average tuition and fees for a private institution rose about an average of 2.4% every year. As tuition prices increases every year, it affects millions of college students. It affects college students who have to use governmentRead MoreThe Cost of Tuition Among Colleges and Universities in Highly Diversified and Indefinite926 Words   |  4 PagesThe cost of tuition among colleges and universities is highly diversified and indefinite. Students shouldn’t be financial problems that are associated with the high tuition cost for their education because it creates unnecessary stress and financial problems. The student’s primary concern should be their academic performance a nd learning. The tuition fee includes extracurricular expenses such as lifestyle amenities that may not be essential toward the student education yet they are still being chargedRead MoreAmerican University Should Seriously Consider Lowering Tuition Costs892 Words   |  4 Pages The price of a Soft Taco Supreme at Taco Bell is $1.49. The price of attending New York University (NYU) is about $61,997 (Jacobs, 2013). That is approximately 41,609 Soft Taco Supremes from Taco Bell, enough to feed someone for 38 years if they ate one for every meal. While most universities in the USA do not cost quite as much as NYU, tuition is still very high, even for in-state public schools. If tuition continues to rise, the amount of students that cannot afford to go to college will increaseRead MoreShould College Tuition Be Paid?884 Words   |  4 PagesIn America college tuition has quadrupled in the last 35 years. College administrators like to tell the story that baby boomers paid their college tuition from the money they made during summer break. A few years later colleges decided to raise tuition price because people wanted to get a college degree. Colleges were seeing that people wanted to go to college they decided to raise the prices and make business out of it. In Germany, however college tuition is free, and by doing this Germany getsRead MoreThe Tuition Increase Affected Enrollment Rate1473 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Board of Ursinus College, raised its tuition from $19,331 to $23,460. This turned out to be a 17.6% increase. Surprisingly, the tuition increase proved to be a positive change for Ursinus College. The college received more than 200 applicants than its previous year (Brickley, Smith and Zimmerman, 2009, p. 110). Other regional institutions such as University of Notre Dame, Bryn Mawr College and Rice University also experienced a similar trend once they increased their tuition rates (Brickley, SmithRead MoreDriving The Cost Of Higher Education1063 Words   |  5 PagesDriving the Cost of Higher Education It seems as though the correct step for young people to follow after high school is college. We are constantly told that if we wish to be successful, then we must get a degree. However, with the rising costs, it’s seeming like fewer people are willing or able to take the next step into higher education. Cries about the sheer insanity of the rising costs blur into a cacophony of anger and frustration. The discussion of whether it’s even worth the cost have alsoRead MoreAffordability Of Our Education : Is A College Education Worth The Cost?1729 Words   |  7 Pagesfew decades the tuition fee for most public and private colleges increased by 250 percent while income increased by 16 percent (Politico, 2013). The statistics have since then become a trend that has now evolved each year, hence; making it difficult for parents to send their children to school that can cause them to miss out on great opportunities (Dorfman, 2013). According to Justine Draeger (2009) â€Å"W ith the cost of college rising, many have asked a central question: Is a college education worthRead MoreCollege Tuition1075 Words   |  5 Pagesacknowledged them through correct documentation.† Student Loans Today college tuition prices are rising. Paying for college can often be a stressful responsibility. A college education is very important for many students, but when stressing on how to pay for college gets in the way, it becomes more of a burden. Kim Clark effectively states the rising prices of college tuition in her article, â€Å"The Surprising Causes of Those College Tuition Hikes.† Clark states that the cost of attending a public universityRead MoreTuition Increases at University of Pennsylvania962 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1914, the tuition cost to go to the University of Pennsylvania at the Wharton School estimated at about $150 with a general fee of $10. This does not include other expenses such as room and board- which estimated to $180 and textbooks- estimated to $10. It is now 2014, one century later, and the tuition cost to go the exact university and school is $40,594, general fee of $3,772, technology fee of $716, and a recreation fee of $324. Once more, this d oes not include the expenses of residence halls

The First Form Of Education - 1411 Words

What was the first form of education in China? I have traced the first form of education in China back to the Shang Dynasty (16-1405 BCE). Education was necessary to achieve desired positions in the civil service (the administrative system of the government who ran the daily affairs in China) which were the key to wealth. By establishing an educational system for the young of the elite, the positions in the civil service became a cycle of the designated offspring being the most educated and the educated being the most elite people in China. Most schools were divided into political entities to gain social influence. The main focuses in the education of young Chinaman were the teachings of Confucian. The curriculum was based on the philosophy of Confucianism. Confucianism is a form of Humanism (a devotion of the humanities) with the main focus on educating people in the beliefs, values and practices that govern life within the family and between family and state. The teachings of Confu cianism were taught from four books and the five classics. The four books are Chinese classic texts that illustrated the core value and belief systems of Confucianism. The five classics were key text of Confucianism; these were sacred books of traditional Chinese beliefs. Book one of the four books was the Analects of Confucius (the saying of ideas recognized only by the Chinese), Book two was Mencius, Mencius was a fourth-century BCE (before the common/current/Christian era) Chinese philosopherShow MoreRelatedPlato Education Reform Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagesthat â€Å"education is the craft concerned with..turning around and with how the soul can most easily and effectively be made to do it† (Plato 190). In this paper, I will propose Plato’s reform for the American education system through analyzing his account of education, the nature and different kinds of education using the allegory of the cave, its correlation to kallipolis, the nature of the soul, and his metaphysical theory of forms. I shall argue that Plato would propose the American education systemRead MoreThe First Secondary School For Four Years After The End Of World War II894 Words   |  4 PagesNations mandate, Britain occupied Tanganyika and Zanzibar, at the same time adding subsidies to the education system previously under German control. By the contrast, the people in Tanganyika did not appreciate the colonial education, they instead, viewed it as an interruption to their agriculture routine as it intended to profit the colonial regime instead of people (Ingham, 2013). In the meantime, education fashioned aristocracies and servers, where indigenous people saved as servants to the colonialRead MorePedagogy Of The Oppressed By Paulo Freire1215 Words   |  5 PagesHow do we sum up what education is? Is it just the practice of memorization, or is it something we obtain through experience? Paulo Freire does a good job analyzing education in chapter 2 of â€Å"Pedagogy of the Oppressed†. He reveals that there are two main types of education (banking education and problem-posing education) and shows how they contradict each other. By first giving a description of how both styles work, by showing how each one mirrors society, and then by showing the contradictionsRead MoreThe Colonial Rule Of Under The United Nations ( Un ) Mandate880 Words   |  4 Pagesmandate, Britain occupied Tanganyika and Zanzibar, at the same time adding subsidies to the education system previously under German control. In contrast, the people in Tanganyika did not appreciate the colonial education; they instead, viewed it as an interruption of their agricultural routines, as it favored the colonial regime’s benefit, instead of the indigenous people (Ingham, 2013). In the meantime, education fashioned aristocracies and servers, where indigenous became servants to the colonial rulersRead MoreEssay about Business Education726 Words   |  3 Pages Argumentative Draft Formal Education Is the Key to Success nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The advancement of technology in the last decade has increased the demand for Americans to seek higher and formal education. No longer do we live in the age of manual labor, family owned amp; operated conveniences, but rather a computerized age. Thirty-years ago job seekers could find stable and secure work that would ensure stability and a prosperous future. Those white collar jobs could be obtainedRead More Dance In Public School Curricular Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pages DANCE IN PUBLIC SCHOOL CURRICULA nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Dancing is a form of art that allows many children to express themselves through body motion while developing many skills. Children throughout the world have been dancing since the day they began walking. When a child to take their first steps and puts together the simplest combination of movements, that would be considered as dancing. Music also plays a major role in the development of children understanding dance, because it is canRead MoreEvolution Of Education : How Much Has Education1545 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution of Education How much has education developed in the past 3,000 years? From the earliest civilizations, to Greece and Rome, to present day education has been around, and evolving. Education started off very basic, learning everyday tasks, all the way to military strategy. Then it blossomed into writing, rhetoric, science, debate, and as if it wasn’t complex enough it developed from there. However, what time period had the most rigorous education, answers to the question may vary, but logicRead MoreThe Education Of Distance Education929 Words   |  4 Pageslike online learning or distance education, thoughts of digitized content, and images of different types of technological media frequently come to mind. However, traditionally it has been revealed that distance education is actually not a new phenomenon at all. Historically speaking one could actually uncover that distance education was practiced in the United States in the form of correspondence schools as early as the eighteenth century. In fact, one of the first educational programs to provideRead MoreAmerican Higher Education Of The Deaf And Dumb At Columbia University1413 Words   |  6 Pagesestablishment of the division for the deaf and dumb at Columbia University in 1864. American Higher education has been influenced and responsive to changes in federal civil rights protections for students with disabilities while facing both internal and external pressures on how to deal with persons with disabilities. The establishment of students with disabilities in an American higher education context found its start with the admission of students with sensory disabilities, primarily deaf andRead MoreAnalytical Essay Michelle Obama1034 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Delprà ¸ve 2, opgave B Analytical essay of †Remarks by the First Lady at Education Event with DC High School Sophomores† The speech was held by the First Lady, Michelle Obama, at the DC High School as an educational event for the sophomores. The overriding subject of the speech is education which is an area Michelle Obama and her husband, Barack Obama, has spent a lot of time and resources on. After the introduction of the speech she speaks of a goal that her husband has set for America. She tells

Anselm s Ontological Argument On The Existence Of God

Anselm’s Ontological argument sets out to not only prove God’s existence, but to show that God’s existence is self-evident. Similar to other ontological arguments, it uses a priori knowledge to argue its validity, meaning that the propositions made are derived from internal reasoning instead of sense experience. The argument begins with Anselm defining the term God as â€Å"that, than which nothing greater can be conceived† (pg.26). Although simple, once this term is accepted Anselm believes he has successfully proven the existence of God. This becomes clearer with further analysis. If God is a being that, than which nothing greater can be conceived, it naturally follows that God would possess all properties of greatness. An example of this would be omnipotence. Omnipotence would be such a property because it is greater to have ultimate power than to have limited power, therefore, God being the greatest conceivable being would possess the property of omnip otence. Likewise, it is greater for something to exist in both reality and the mind, than to exist only in the mind. Thus, just as omnipotence was ascribed to God so must the property of existence, for if God did not exist, he would be lacking a great making property, and consequently would be only a great being, but not the greatest conceivable being. Existence being am inherent property of God’s essence is why Anselm believes God’s existence to be self-evident. However, as Anselm states â€Å"the fool has said in his heart, ThereShow MoreRelatedValidity And Effectiveness Of Anselm s Ontological Argument On The Existence Of God1095 Words   |  5 Pagesexamining the validity and effectiveness of Anselm s Ontological Argument on the existence of God. I will begin by presenting Anselm’s Ontological Argument from the ground up. This includes the argument, basic idea, initial assumptions, Anselm’s definition of god, and Anselm s distinctions which are needed to completely understand the nature of my argument. Furthermore, I will present concepts of logic and define what makes an argument valid, and circular argument because they are necessary for understandingRead MoreThe Existence Of God : Ontological Argument Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesThe question of the existence of God has troubled mankind for t housands of years. Many philosophers and theologians have always searched for prove whether God exists. Many of them constructed valid arguments which support theist believes. The existence of God was once never denied, as His presence, His existence was evident in miracles and the people s faith. But time and the advancement of modern science have called God and His very nature into question. The Perfect Being has become the sourceRead MoreThe First Chapter Of Anselm s Argument961 Words   |  4 Pages The first chapter of Anselm s Monologian focuses on Anselm s argument that there is something that is the best, the greatest, the highest, of all existing things. It is through this unknown something that all things possess their goodness. According to the argument he puts forth, the goodness of things in this world must be caused and must therefore stem from one thing that is good, or from many. If goods can be comparable as goods, it follows that there must be some general and uni fied way ofRead MoreExploring the Ontological Argument1746 Words   |  7 PagesExploring the Ontological Argument For nearly a thousand years, the ontological argument has captured the attention of philosophers. The ontological argument was revolutionary in its sequence from thought to reality. It was an argument that did not require any corresponding experiment in reality; it functioned without the necessity of empirical data. Despite flaws and problems found in some ontological arguments and the objections raised to those arguments, ontological arguments still provide aRead MoreAnshelm ¬Ã‚ ¥s Proof of God ¬Ã‚ ¥s Existence1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe question about the existence of God or, more generally speaking, of a supernatural entity that steers the course of the world, is probably as old as humanity itself. Many great philosophers were concerned with this basic and yet so important question which remains to be a controversial issue to this day! In the following I will commit myself to the above-mentioned question by firstly reconstructing Anselm ´s proof of God ´s existence an d secondly considering his position in the light of the critiqueRead MoreOntological Argument For The Existence Of God1083 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss the argument of Anselms ontological argument for the existence of god. His basis of his argument being an analytical breakdown for the reason fot gods exsistence. While also establishing that Anselms inferences found with his use of deduction and logical means to prove the existence of a higher being are indeed true. In addition I will defend Anselms argument by depicting other people’s objections against his argument. Specifically the argument made by Gaunilo, who disagreed with Anselms argumentRead MoreThe Arguments For The Existence Of God1056 Words   |  5 Pages16 November 2015 Rough Draft for The arguments for the Existence of God. The question Does God Exist? is a well-known asked question in the world. Most people believe they know the answer to it. The religious people would say, well of course he does, while the non-religious people or atheist would say no He does not exist. Because evil exist and chaos exists, God cannot be all-powerful. In the modern world, there are many different opinions as to whether a God exists or not. This has been an issueRead MoreThe Argument Of The Existence Of God1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe arguments trying to â€Å"prove† the existence of God are by far some of the most controversial philosophical arguments out there. When some of the people who created these philosophies it was illegal or even punishable by death to even question his existence, let alone try to come up with a logical explanation to â€Å"prove† he is real. The two main arguments used today are the ontological argument and the cosmological argument. Neither one of these arguments are correct nor incorrect; moreover, theRead MoreEssay on Anselm’s Ontological Argument1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe ontological argument for God’s existence is a work of art resulting from philosophical argumentation. An ontological argument for the existence of God is one that attempts the method of a priori proof, which utilizes intuition and reason alone. The term a priori refers to deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is the type of reasoning that proceeds from general principles or premises to derive particular information. The argument works by examining the concept of God, and arguing that it impliesRead MoreOntological Argument Is Not Reliant On An Posteriori933 Words   |  4 Pages Ontological Argument Saint Anselm created the â€Å"Ontological Argument†. Saint Anselm was the archbishop of Canterbury. The premise of Saint Anselm’s Ontological Argument is that, no greater being can be conceived than God. The Ontological Argument is an a priori or deductive argument. An a priori argument does not have to be supported by real or factual evidence just by reason without observation. Thus, the Ontological Argument is not reliant on an a posteriori premise. An a posteriori argument

The Holocaust - 1225 Words

Sabrina Liu Mrs. Osmonson English 2 8 May 2014 The Holocaust The Holocaust was one of the world’s darkest hours, a mass murder conducted in the shadows of the world’s most deadly war. The Holocaust also known as Shoah, means a systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews during the WWII by German Nazi. Adolf Hitler the leader of Nazis, who afraid Jews would take power over Germans; also, many Germans felt they were mistreated by the lost so Jews were like a scapegoat from the previous war lose so they can treat them inhumanely (â€Å"The Holocaust†). Millions of Jews were sent to the concentration camps around Europe. In there, they were tortured and killed. Many horrible things happened†¦show more content†¦The jewelries would help him to tread a bad conditions for living, but Haskel put the father in-law to death. Betrays from own people is more painful from the crime that Nazis did to the Jews. After Jews were released from concentration camps, they were still suffering pains and guilt from their terrible experience, even the next generations had bad influence on it. In the book Maus, Anja felt sorry and guilty for her dead parents and siblings, plus she was a sensitive person so she committed suicide and let her son carried guilt after she passed (Spiegelam). It is very lucky and difficult can live through the Holocaust, and Anja was that lucky survivor, but ridiculously, she could alive under the horrible conditions that Nazis put on her, but she committed suicide after all the pain had passed. The lasting effect on Anja brought more damage than she went in the concentrating camp. Not only sensitive mother can have that strong lasting effect, but also Vladek that smart father totally changed his personality. When Artie’s friend left him, Vladek didn’t say thing to comfort him, â€Å"Friends? Your friends?† (2). Life after the Holocaust didn’t b ring much happiness than before the war. Vladek also became cheap and doubtful. The lasting effect also has on the next generation. Artie is the son of Vladek and Anja, he was growing up in a very negative condition, he had night mare about the SS will take him away from school and putShow MoreRelatedHolocaust : Holocaust And Holocaust1247 Words   |  5 Pages History of holocaust Holocaust Term Paper Jewish people were tortured, abused, and subjected through horrific unfathomable situations by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Despite all of the unpragmatic hardships Jews all over Europe faced, many stayed true to their faith and religion. There are numerous stories in which Jewish people tried to keep the roots of their religion well knowing the risk of torture and death. The never ending fear of Jewish people living in the Ghettos and trying to surviveRead MoreHolocaust : The Holocaust And Holocaust1247 Words   |  5 PagesWe all know the horrific experience, the Jews faced during the Holocaust and after it. Even after some survived the holocaust physically, they will always be tormented and haunted by those gruesome memories from those inhumane actions that were directed towards them. After, all they went through it is obvious the holocaust affected the survivor s drastically, but how about the future generations of Jews. In which I believe the holocaust did in fact affect the second generation, but the third generationRead MoreThe Holocaust : A Holocaust930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Holocaust is one of the most well known genocides that have taken place. It had destroyed millions of Jewish lives and has caused a historical pain to these people that cannot be taken away till this day. The Holocaust can be seen from Goldhagen’s perspective of eliminationism. It did have all of the five steps and yet there was uniqueness about the Holocaust. The first one that can be looked at is the concentration camp itself. The history of the camp and the stories are still being unfoldedRead MoreHolocaust : The Holocaust And Holocaust1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust The holocaust is a term originally referred to a religious rite in which an offering is incinerated. But today, has another meaning; is any human disaster of great magnitude and importance, mainly refers to the extermination of the Jews who lived in Europe conducted by the Germany government. Throughout the nineteenth century, the Jewish community was improving their situation and their rights equalized to those of other citizens in most European countries. But despite this, these peopleRead MoreHolocaust : An Examination Of The Holocaust1117 Words   |  5 Pages In the summer of 1944 the soviets freed the Jewish from the concentration camps like Belzec, Treblinka and the most infamous killing camp Auschwitz. In an examination of the holocaust I will converse the effects of the holocaust and their worlds response, to its victims and perpetrators. The aftermath of the holocaust shows the mass Genocide people found, as Germany cures itself it showed civilization that we should not let someone manipulate us, and let them change our ideals and beliefs. I willRead MoreThe Holocaust Of The Jewish Holocaust858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jewish Holocaust is often described as the largest, most gruesome holocaust in history. It began in 1933 with the rise of Adolf Hitler and lasted nearly twelve years until the Nazi Party were defeated by the Allied powers in 1945. The expression â€Å"Holocaust† originated from Greece which is translated to â€Å"sacrifice by fire†. This is a very proper name considering the slaughter and carnage of Jewi sh people inflicted by the Nazis. In addition to the Jewish, Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexualRead MoreThe holocaust959 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Year 10 Humanities 2013 Unit 2: World War 2 Task 2 The Holocaust The Causes of the Holocaust The Process of the Holocaust In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million. Most European Jews lived in countries that Germany would occupy during World War II. By 1945, the Germans killed nearly two out of every three European Jews as part of the Final Solution, the Nazi policy to murder the Jews of Europe. Although Jews, whom the Nazis deemed a priority danger toRead MoreThe Holocaust971 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Holocaust The Holocaust was one of the most horrible and dreaded events in history. Millions of Jews were killed, leaving many families devastated and hopeless. With the goal of racial purity, Adolf Hitler- along with many other Germans believed the Jews caused the defeat of their country, and led the Nazis to the elimination of Jews. For this reason, â€Å"Even in the early 21st century, the legacy of the Holocaust endures†¦as many as 12,000 Jews were killed every day† (The Holocaust). LaterRead MoreHolocaust Final Draft : Holocaust1495 Words   |  6 PagesAnthony Harmon Holocaust Final draft World History The holocaust started when Adolf Hitler became Germany’s dictator, and they started the organization called the Nazis. They started by terrorizing the Jewish community in Germany, then eventually put them all into concentration camps. In one of the bigger camps, they experimented and took newborn babies away from the nursing mothers and they were seeing how long they would survive without feeding. Between 1945 and 1985, about 5,000 NaziRead MoreThe Holocaust And The Jewish Holocaust3822 Words   |  16 PagesNoam Hiltzik Holocaust Dr. John Christian Bailey Term Paper Hundreds and thousands of people are shoved into a confined space, very few resources are granted to them. The little money that they have left can barely buy food for a week. The rations that are provided for several days barely can last one. These people are forced to perform backbreaking labor, and those who cannot work, do not get to eat and thus cannot survive. This is what the Jews of Europe experienced in the Ghettos. This stage

The Subtle Knife Chapter Six Free Essays

Chapter Six Lighted Fliers â€Å"Grumman?† said the black-bearded fur trader. â€Å"From the Berlin Academy? Reckless. I met him five years back over at the northern end of the Urals. We will write a custom essay sample on The Subtle Knife Chapter Six or any similar topic only for you Order Now I thought he was dead.† Sam Cansino, an old acquaintance and a Texan like Lee Scoresby, sat in the naphtha-laden, smoky bar of the Samirsky Hotel and tossed back a shot glass of bitingly cold vodka. He nudged the plate of pickled fish and black bread toward Lee, who took a mouthful and nodded for Sam to tell him more. â€Å"He’d walked into a trap that fool Yakovlev laid,† the fur trader went on, â€Å"and cut his leg open to the bone. Instead of using regular medicines, he insisted on using the stuff the bears use – bloodmoss – some kind of lichen, it ain’t a true moss. Anyway, he was lying on a sledge alternately roaring with pain and calling out instructions to his men – they were taking star sights, and they had to get the measurements right or he’d lash them with his tongue, and boy, he had a tongue like barbed wire. A lean man, tough, powerful, curious about everything. You know he was a Tartar, by initiation?† â€Å"You don’t say,† said Lee Scoresby, tipping more vodka into Sam’s glass. His daemon, Hester, crouched at his elbow on the bar, eyes half-closed as usual, ears flat along her back. Lee had arrived that afternoon, borne to Nova Zembla by the wind the witches had called up, and once he’d stowed his equipment he’d made straight for the Samirsky Hotel, near the fish-packing station. This was a place where many Arctic drifters stopped to exchange news or look for employment or leave messages for one another, and Lee Scoresby had spent several days there in the past, waiting for a contract or a passenger or a fair wind, so there was nothing unusual in his conduct now. And with the vast changes they sensed in the world around them, it was natural for people to gather and talk. With every day that passed came more news: the river Yenisei was free of ice, and at this time of year, too; part of the ocean had drained away, exposing strange regular formations of stone on the seabed; a squid a hundred feet long had snatched three fishermen out of their boat and torn them apart†¦ And the fog continued to roll in from the north, dense and cold and occasionally drenched with the strangest imaginable light, in which great forms could be vaguely seen, and mysterious voices heard. Altogether it was a bad time to work, which was why the bar of the Samirsky Hotel was full. â€Å"Did you say Grumman?† said the man sitting just along the bar, an elderly man in seal hunter’s rig, whose lemming daemon looked out solemnly from his pocket. â€Å"He was a Tartar all right. I was there when he joined that tribe. I saw him having his skull drilled. He had another name, too – a Tartar name; I’ll think of it in a minute.† â€Å"Well, how about that,† said Lee Scoresby. â€Å"Let me buy you a drink, my friend. I’m looking for news of this man. What tribe was it he joined?† â€Å"The Yenisei Pakhtars. At the foot of the Semyonov Range. Near a fork of the Yenisei and the – I forget what it’s called – a river that comes down from the hills. There’s a rock the size of a house at the landing stage.† â€Å"Ah, sure,† said Lee. â€Å"I remember it now. I’ve flown over it. And Grumman had his skull drilled, you say? Why was that?† â€Å"He was a shaman,† said the old seal hunter. â€Å"I think the tribe recognized him as a shaman before they adopted him. Some business, that drilling. It goes on for two nights and a day. They use a bow drill, like for lighting a fire.† â€Å"Ah, that accounts for the way his team was obeying him,† said Sam Cansino. â€Å"They were the roughest bunch of scoundrels I ever saw, but they ran around doing his bidding like nervous children. I thought it was his cursing that did it. If they thought he was a shaman, it’d make even more sense. But you know, that man’s curiosity was as powerful as a wolf’s jaws; he would not let go. He made me tell him every scrap I knew about the land thereabouts, and the habits of wolverines and foxes. And he was in some pain from that damn trap of Yakovlev’s; leg laid open, and he was writing the results of that bloodmoss, taking his temperature, watching the scar form, making notes on every damn thing†¦ A strange man. There was a witch who wanted him for a lover, but he turned her down.† â€Å"Is that so?† said Lee, thinking of the beauty of Serafina Pekkala. â€Å"He shouldn’t have done that,† said the seal hunter. â€Å"A witch offers you her love, you should take it. If you don’t, it’s your own fault if bad things happen to you. It’s like having to make a choice: a blessing or a curse. The one thing you can’t do is choose neither.† â€Å"He might have had a reason,† said Lee. â€Å"If he had any sense, it will have been a good one.† â€Å"He was headstrong,† said Sam Cansino. â€Å"Maybe faithful to another woman,† Lee guessed. â€Å"I heard something else about him; I heard he knew the whereabouts of some magic object, I don’t know what it might be, that could protect anyone who held it. Did you ever hear that story?† â€Å"Yes, I heard that,† said the seal hunter. â€Å"He didn’t have it himself, but he knew where it was. There was a man who tried to make him tell, but Grumman killed him.† â€Å"His daemon, now,† said Sam Cansino, â€Å"that was curious. She was an eagle, a black eagle with a white head and breast, of a kind I’d never set eyes on, and I didn’t know how she might be called.† â€Å"She was an osprey,† said the barman, listening in. â€Å"You’re talking about Stan Grumman? His daemon was an osprey. A fish eagle.† â€Å"What happened to him?† said Lee Scoresby. â€Å"Oh, he got mixed up in the Skraeling wars over to Bering-land. Last I heard he’d been shot,† said the seal hunter. â€Å"Killed outright.† â€Å"I heard they beheaded him,† said Lee Scoresby. â€Å"No, you’re both wrong,† said the barman, â€Å"and I know, because I heard it from an Inuit who was with him. Seems that they were camped out on Sakhalin somewhere and there was an avalanche. Grumman was buried under a hundred tons of rock. This Inuit saw it happen.† â€Å"What I can’t understand,† said Lee Scoresby, offering the bottle around, â€Å"is what the man was doing. Was he prospecting for rock oil, maybe? Or was he a military man? Or was it something philosophical? You said something about measurements, Sam. What would that be?† â€Å"They were measuring the starlight. And the aurora. He had a passion for the aurora. I think his main interest was in ruins, though. Ancient things.† â€Å"I know who could tell you more,† said the seal hunter. â€Å"Up the mountain they have an observatory belonging to the Imperial Muscovite Academy. They’d be able to tell you. I know he went up there more than once.† â€Å"What d’you want to know for, anyway, Lee?† said Sam Cansino. â€Å"He owes me some money,† said Lee Scoresby. This explanation was so satisfying that it stopped their curiosity at once. The conversation turned to the topic on everyone’s lips: the catastrophic changes taking place around them, which no one could see. â€Å"The fishermen,† said the seal hunter, â€Å"they say you can sail right up into that new world.† â€Å"There’s a new world?† said Lee. â€Å"As soon as this damn fog clears we’ll see right into it,† the seal hunter told them confidently. â€Å"When it first happened, I was out in my kayak and looking north, just by chance. I’ll never forget what I saw. Instead of the earth curving down over the horizon, it went straight on. I could see forever, and as far as I could see, there was land and shoreline, mountains, harbors, green trees, and fields of corn, forever into the sky. I tell you, friends, that was something worth toiling fifty years to see, a sight like that. I would have paddled up the sky into that calm sea without a backward glance; but then came the fog†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Ain’t never seen a fog like this,† grumbled Sam Cansino. â€Å"Reckon it’s set in for a month, maybe more. But you’re out of luck if you want money from Stanislaus Grumman, Lee; the man’s dead.† â€Å"Ah! I got his Tartar name!† said the seal hunter. â€Å"I just remembered what they called him during the drilling. It sounded like Jopari.† â€Å"Jopari? That’s no kind of name I’ve ever heard of,† said Lee. â€Å"Might be Nipponese, I suppose. Well, if I want my money, maybe I can chase up his heirs and assigns. Or maybe the Berlin Academy can square the debt. I’ll go ask at the observatory, see if they have an address I can apply to.† The observatory was some distance to the north, and Lee Scoresby hired a dog sledge and driver. It wasn’t easy to find someone willing to risk the journey in the fog, but Lee was persuasive, or his money was; and eventually an old Tartar from the Ob region agreed to take him there, after a lengthy bout of haggling. The driver didn’t rely on a compass, or he would have found it impossible. He navigated by other signs – his Arctic fox daemon for one, who sat at the front of the sledge keenly scenting the way. Lee, who carried his compass everywhere, had realized already that the earth’s magnetic field was as disturbed as everything else. The old driver said, as they stopped to brew coffee, â€Å"This happen before, this thing.† â€Å"What, the sky opening? That happened before?† â€Å"Many thousand generation. My people remember. All long time ago, many thousand generation.† â€Å"What do they say about it?† â€Å"Sky fall open, and spirits move between this world and that world. All the lands move. The ice melt, then freeze again. The spirits close up the hole after a while. Seal it up. But witches say the sky is thin there, behind the northern lights.† â€Å"What’s going to happen, Umaq?† â€Å"Same thing as before. Make all same again. But only after big trouble, big war. Spirit war.† The driver wouldn’t tell him any more, and soon they moved on, tracking slowly over undulations and hollows and past outcrops of dim rock, dark through the pallid fog, until the old man said: â€Å"Observatory up there. You walk now. Path too crooked for sledge. You want go back, I wait here.† â€Å"Yeah, I want to go back when I’ve finished, Umaq. You make yourself a fire, my friend, and sit and rest a spell. I’ll be three, four hours maybe.† Lee Scoresby set off, with Hester tucked into the breast of his coat, and after half an hour’s stiff climb found a clump of buildings suddenly above him as if they’d just been placed there by a giant hand. But the effect was only due to a momentary lifting of the fog, and after a minute it closed in again. He saw the great dome of the main observatory, a smaller one a little way off, and between them a group of administration buildings and domestic quarters. No lights showed, because the windows were blacked out permanently so as not to spoil the darkness for their telescopes. A few minutes after he arrived, Lee was talking to a group of astronomers eager to learn what news he could bring them, for there are few natural philosophers as frustrated as astronomers in a fog. He told them about everything he’d seen, and once that topic had been thoroughly dealt with, he asked about Stanislaus Grumman The astronomers hadn’t had a visitor in weeks, and they were keen to talk. â€Å"Grumman? Yes, I’ll tell you something about him,† said the Director. â€Å"He was an Englishman, in spite of his name. I remember – â€Å" â€Å"Surely not,† said his deputy. â€Å"He was a member of the Imperial German Academy. I met him in Berlin. I was sure he was German.† â€Å"No, I think you’ll find he was English. His command of that language was immaculate, anyway,† said the Director. â€Å"But I agree, he was certainly a member of the Berlin Academy. He was a geologist – â€Å" â€Å"No, no, you’re wrong,† said someone else. â€Å"He did look at the earth, but not as a geologist. I had a long talk with him once. I suppose you’d call him a paleo-archaeologist.† They were sitting, five of them, around a table in the room that served as their common room, living and dining room, bar, recreation room, and more or less everything else. Two of them were Muscovites, one was a Pole, one a Yoruba, and one a Skraeling. Lee Scoresby sensed that the little community was glad to have a visitor, if only because he introduced a change of conversation. The Pole had been the last to speak, and then the Yoruba interrupted: â€Å"What do you mean, a paleo-archaeologist? Archaeologists already study what’s old; why do you need to put another word meaning ‘old’ in front of it?† â€Å"His field of study went back much further than you’d expect, that’s all. He was looking for remains of civilizations from twenty, thirty thousand years ago,† the Pole replied. â€Å"Nonsense!† said the Director. â€Å"Utter nonsense! The man was pulling your leg. Civilizations thirty thousand years old? Ha! Where is the evidence?† â€Å"Under the ice,† said the Pole. â€Å"That’s the point. According to Grumman, the earth’s magnetic field changed dramatically at various times in the past, and the earth’s axis actually moved, too, so that temperate areas became ice-bound.† â€Å"How?† said one of the Muscovites. â€Å"Oh, he had some complex theory. The point was, any evidence there might have been for very early civilizations was long since buried under the ice. He claimed to have some photograms of unusual rock formations.† â€Å"Ha! Is that all?† said the Director. â€Å"I’m only reporting, I’m not defending him,† said the Pole. â€Å"How long had you known Grumman, gentlemen?† Lee Scoresby asked. â€Å"Well, let me see,† said the Director. â€Å"It was seven years ago I met him for the first time.† â€Å"He made a name for himself a year or two before that, with his paper on the variations in the magnetic pole,† said the Yoruba. â€Å"But he came out of nowhere. I mean, no one had known him as a student or seen any of his previous work†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They talked on for a while, contributing reminiscences and offering suggestions as to what might have become of Grumman, though most of them thought he was probably dead. While the Pole went to brew some more coffee, Lee’s hare daemon, Hester, said to him quietly: â€Å"Check out the Skraeling, Lee.† The Skraeling had spoken very little. Lee had thought he was naturally taciturn, but prompted by Hester, he casually glanced across during the next break in the conversation to see the man’s daemon, a snowy owl, glaring at him with bright orange eyes. Well, that was what owls looked like, and they did stare; but Hester was right, and there was a hostility and suspicion in the daemon that the man’s face showed nothing of. And then Lee saw something else: the Skraeling was wearing a ring with the Church’s symbol engraved on it. Suddenly he realized the reason for the man’s silence. Every philosophical research establishment, so he’d heard, had to include on its staff a representative of the Magisterium, to act as a censor and suppress the news of any heretical discoveries. So, realizing this, and remembering something he’d heard Lyra say, Lee asked: â€Å"Tell me, gentlemen – do you happen to know if Grumman ever looked into the question of Dust?† And instantly a silence fell in the stuffy little room, and everyone’s attention focused on the Skraeling, though no one looked at him directly. Lee knew that Hester would remain inscrutable, with her eyes half-closed and her ears flat along her back, and he put on a cheerful innocence as he looked from face to face. Finally he settled on the Skraeling, and said, â€Å"I beg your pardon. Have I asked about something it’s forbidden to know?† The Skraeling said, â€Å"Where did you hear mention of this subject, Mr. Scoresby?† â€Å"From a passenger I flew across the sea a while back,† Lee said easily. â€Å"They never said what it was, but from the way it was mentioned it seemed like the kind of thing Dr. Grumman might have inquired into. I took it to be some kind of celestial thing, like the aurora. But it puzzled me, because as an aeronaut I know the skies pretty well, and I’d never come across this stuff. What is it, anyhow?† â€Å"As you say, a celestial phenomenon,† said the Skraeling. â€Å"It has no practical significance.† Presently Lee decided it was time to leave; he had learned no more, and he didn’t want to keep Umaq waiting. He left the astronomers to their fogbound observatory and set off down the track, feeling his way along by following his daemon, whose eyes were closer to the ground. And when they were only ten minutes down the path, something swept past his head in the fog and dived at Hester. It was the Skraeling’s owl daemon. But Hester sensed her coming and flattened herself in time, and the owl’s claws just missed. Hester could fight; her claws were sharp, too, and she was tough and brave. Lee knew that the Skraeling himself must be close by, and reached for the revolver at his belt. â€Å"Behind you, Lee,† Hester said, and he whipped around, diving, as an arrow hissed over his shoulder. He fired at once. The Skraeling fell, grunting, as the bullet thudded into his leg. A moment later the owl daemon swooped with a clumsy fainting movement to his side, and half lay on the snow, struggling to fold her wings. Lee Scoresby cocked his pistol and held it to the man’s head. â€Å"Right, you damn fool,† he said. â€Å"What did you try that for? Can’t you see we’re all in the same trouble now this thing’s happened to the sky?† â€Å"It’s too late,† said the Skraeling. â€Å"Too late for what?† â€Å"Too late to stop. I have already sent a messenger bird. The Magisterium will know of your inquiries, and they will be glad to know about Grumman – â€Å" â€Å"What about him?† â€Å"The fact that others are looking for him. It confirms what we thought. And that others know of Dust. You are an enemy of the Church, Lee Scoresby. By their fruits shall ye know them. By their questions shall ye see the serpent gnawing at their heart†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The owl was making soft hooting sounds and raising and dropping her wings fitfully. Her bright orange eyes were filming over with pain. There was a gathering red stain in the snow around the Skraeling; even in the fog-thick dimness, Lee could see that the man was going to die. â€Å"Reckon my bullet must have hit an artery,† he said. â€Å"Let go my sleeve and I’ll make a tourniquet.† â€Å"No!† said the Skraeling harshly. â€Å"I am glad to die! I shall have the martyr’s palm! You will not deprive me of that!† â€Å"Then die if you want to. Just tell me this – â€Å" But he never had the chance to complete his question, because with a bleak little shiver the owl daemon disappeared. The Skraeling’s soul was gone. Lee had once seen a painting in which a saint of the Church was shown being attacked by assassins. While they bludgeoned his dying body, the saint’s daemon was borne upward by cherubs and offered a spray of palm, the badge of a martyr. The Skraeling’s face now bore the same expression as the saint’s in the picture: an ecstatic straining toward oblivion. Lee dropped him in distaste. Hester clicked her tongue. â€Å"Shoulda reckoned he’d send a message,† she said. â€Å"Take his ring.† â€Å"What the hell for? We ain’t thieves, are we?† â€Å"No, we’re renegades,† she said. â€Å"Not by our choice, but by his malice. Once the Church learns about this, we’re done for anyway. Take every advantage we can in the meantime. Go on, take the ring and stow it away, and mebbe we can use it.† Lee saw the sense, and took the ring off the dead man’s finger. Peering into the gloom, he saw that the path was edged by a steep drop into rocky darkness, and he rolled the Skraeling’s body over. It fell for a long time before he heard any impact. Lee had never enjoyed violence, and he hated killing, although he’d had to do it three times before. â€Å"No sense in thinking that,† said Hester. â€Å"He didn’t give us a choice, and we didn’t shoot to kill. Damn it, Lee, he wanted to die. These people are insane.† â€Å"I guess you’re right,† he said, and put the pistol away. At the foot of the path they found the driver, with the dogs harnessed and ready to move. â€Å"Tell me, Umaq,† Lee said as they set off back to the fish-packing station, â€Å"you ever hear of a man called Grumman?† â€Å"Oh, sure,† said the driver. â€Å"Everybody know Dr. Grumman.† â€Å"Did you know he had a Tartar name?† â€Å"Not Tartar. You mean Jopari? Not Tartar.† â€Å"What happened to him? Is he dead?† â€Å"You ask me that, I have to say I don’t know. So you never know the truth from me.† â€Å"I see. So who can I ask?† â€Å"You better ask his tribe. Better go to Yenisei, ask them.† â€Å"His tribe†¦ you mean the people who initiated him? Who drilled his skull?† â€Å"Yes. You better ask them. Maybe he not dead, maybe he is. Maybe neither dead nor alive.† â€Å"How can he be neither dead nor alive?† â€Å"In spirit world. Maybe he in spirit world. Already I say too much. Say no more now.† And he did not. But when they returned to the station, Lee went at once to the docks and looked for a ship that could give him passage to the mouth of the Yenisei. Meanwhile, the witches were searching too. The Latvian queen, Ruta Skadi, flew with Serafina Pekkala’s company for many days and nights, through fog and whirlwind, over regions devastated by flood or landslide. It was certain that they were in a world none of them had known before, with strange winds, strange scents in the air, great unknown birds that attacked them on sight and had to be driven off with volleys of arrows; and when they found land to rest on, the very plants were strange. Still, some of those plants were edible, and they found rabbits that made a tasty meal, and there was no shortage of water. It might have been a good land to live in, but for the spectral forms that drifted like mist over the grasslands and congregated near streams and low-lying water. In some lights they were hardly there at all, just visible as a drifting quality in the light, a rhythmic evanescence, like veils of transparency turning before a mirror. The witches had never seen anything like them before, and mistrusted them at once. â€Å"Are they alive, do you think, Serafina Pekkala?† said Ruta Skadi as the witches circled high above a group of the things that stood motionless at the edge of a tract of forest. â€Å"Alive or dead, they’re full of malice,† Serafina replied. â€Å"I can feel that from here. And unless I knew what weapon could harm them, I wouldn’t want to go closer than this.† The Specters seemed to be earthbound, without the power of flight, luckily for the witches. Later that day, they saw what the Specters could do. It happened at a river crossing, where a dusty road went over a low stone bridge beside a stand of trees. The late-afternoon sun slanted across the grassland, drawing an intense green out of the ground and a dusty gold out of the air, and in that rich oblique light the witches saw a band of travelers making for the bridge, some on foot, some in horse-drawn carts, two of them riding horses. Serafina caught her breath: these people had no daemons, and yet they seemed alive. She was about to fly down and look more closely when she heard a cry of alarm. It came from the rider on the leading horse. He was pointing at the trees, and as the witches looked down, they saw a stream of those spectral forms pouring across the grass, seeming to flow with no effort toward the people, their prey. The people scattered. Serafina was shocked to see the leading rider turn tail at once and gallop away, without staying to help his comrades, and the second rider did the same, escaping as fast as he could in another direction. â€Å"Fly lower and watch, sisters,† Serafina told her companions. â€Å"But don’t interfere till I command.† They saw that the little band contained children as well, some riding in the carts, some walking beside them. And it was clear that the children couldn’t see the Specters, and the Specters weren’t interested in them; they made instead for the adults. One old woman seated on a cart held two little children on her lap, and Ruta Skadi was angered by her cowardice: because she tried to hide behind them, and thrust them out toward the Specter that approached her, as if offering them up to save her own life. The children pulled free of the old woman and jumped down from the cart, and now, like the other children around them, ran to and fro in fright, or stood and clung together weeping as the Specters attacked the adults. The old woman in the cart was soon enveloped in a transparent shimmer that moved busily, working and feeding in some invisible way that made Ruta Skadi sick to watch. The same fate befell every adult in the party apart from the two who had fled on their horses. Fascinated and stunned, Serafina Pekkala flew down even closer. There was a father with his child who had tried to ford the river to get away, but a Specter had caught up with them, and as the child clung to the father’s back, crying, the man slowed down and stood waist-deep in the water, arrested and helpless. What was happening to him? Serafina hovered above the water a few feet away, gazing horrified. She had heard from travelers in her own world of the legend of the vampire, and she thought of that as she watched the Specter busy gorging on – something, some quality the man had, his soul, his daemon, perhaps; for in this world, evidently, daemons were inside, not outside. His arms slackened under the child’s thighs, and the child fell into the water behind him and grabbed vainly at his hand, gasping, crying, but the man only turned his head slowly and looked down with perfect indifference at his little son drowning beside him. That was too much for Serafina. She swooped lower and plucked the child from the water, and as she did so, Ruta Skadi cried out: â€Å"Be careful, sister! Behind you – â€Å" And Serafina felt just for a moment a hideous dullness at the edge of her heart, and reached out and up for Ruta Skadi’s hand, which pulled her away from the danger. They flew higher, the child screaming and clinging to her waist with sharp fingers, and Serafina saw the Specter behind her, a drift of mist swirling on the water, casting about for its lost prey. Ruta Skadi shot an arrow into the heart of it, with no effect at all. Serafina put the child down on the riverbank, seeing that it was in no danger from the Specters, and they retreated to the air again. The little band of travelers had halted for good now; the horses cropped the grass or shook their heads at flies, the children were howling or clutching one another and watching from a distance, and every adult had fallen still. Their eyes were open; some were standing, though most had sat down; and a terrible stillness hung over them. As the last of the Specters drifted away, sated, Serafina flew down and alighted in front of a woman sitting on the grass, a strong, healthy-looking woman whose cheeks were red and whose fair hair was glossy. â€Å"Woman?† said Serafina. There was no response. â€Å"Can you hear me? Can you see me?† She shook her shoulder. With an immense effort the woman looked up. She scarcely seemed to notice. Her eyes were vacant, and when Serafina pinched the skin of her forearm, she merely looked down slowly and then away again. The other witches were moving through the scattered wagons, looking at the victims in dismay. The children, meanwhile, were gathering on a little knoll some way off, staring at the witches and whispering together fearfully. â€Å"The horseman’s watching,† said a witch. She pointed up to where the road led through a gap in the hills. The rider who’d fled had reined in his horse and turned around to look back, shading his eyes to see what was going on. â€Å"We’ll speak to him,† said Serafina, and sprang into the air. However the man had behaved when faced with the Specters, he was no coward. As he saw the witches approach, he unslung the rifle from his back and kicked the horse forward onto the grass, where he could wheel and fire and face them in the open; but Serafina Pekkala alighted slowly and held her bow out before laying it on the ground in front of her. Whether or not they had that gesture here, its meaning was unmistakable. The man lowered the rifle from his shoulder and waited, looking from Serafina to the other witches, and up to their daemons too, who circled in the skies above. Women, young and ferocious, dressed in scraps of black silk and riding pine branches through the sky – there was nothing like that in his world, but he faced them with calm wariness. Serafina, coming closer, saw sorrow in his face as well, and strength. It was hard to reconcile with the memory of his turning tail and running while his companions perished. â€Å"Who are you?† he said. â€Å"My name is Serafina Pekkala. I am the queen of the witches of Lake Enara, which is in another world. What is your name?† â€Å"Joachim Lorenz. Witches, you say? Do you treat with the devil, then?† â€Å"If we did, would that make us your enemy?† He thought for a few moments, and settled his rifle across his thighs. â€Å"It might have done, once,† he said, â€Å"but times have changed. Why have you come to this world?† â€Å"Because the times have changed. What are those creatures who attacked your party?† â€Å"Well, the Specters†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he said, shrugging, half-astonished. â€Å"Don’t you know the Specters?† â€Å"We’ve never seen them in our world. We saw you making your escape, and we didn’t know what to think. Now I understand.† â€Å"There’s no defense against them,† said Joachim Lorenz. â€Å"Only the children are untouched. Every party of travelers has to include a man and a woman on horseback, by law, and they have to do what we did, or else the children will have no one to look after them. But times are bad now; the cities are thronged with Specters, and there used to be no more than a dozen or so in each place.† Ruta Skadi was looking around. She noticed the other rider moving back toward the wagons, and saw that it was, indeed, a woman. The children were running to meet her. â€Å"But tell me what you’re looking for,† Joachim Lorenz went on. â€Å"You didn’t answer me before. You wouldn’t have come here for nothing. Answer me now.† â€Å"We’re looking for a child,† said Serafina, â€Å"a young girl from our world. Her name is Lyra Belacqua, called Lyra Silvertongue. But where she might be, in a whole world, we can’t guess. You haven’t seen a strange child, on her own?† â€Å"No. But we saw angels the other night, making for the Pole.† â€Å"Angels?† â€Å"Troops of them in the air, armed and shining. They haven’t been so common in the last years, though in my grandfather’s time they passed through this world often, or so he used to say.† He shaded his eyes and gazed down toward the scattered wagons, the halted travelers. The other rider had dismounted now and was comforting some of the children. Serafina followed his gaze and said, â€Å"If we camp with you tonight and keep guard against the Specters, will you tell us more about this world, and these angels you saw?† â€Å"Certainly I will. Come with me.† The witches helped to move the wagons farther along the road, over the bridge and away from the trees where the Specters had come from. The stricken adults had to stay where they were, though it was painful to see the little children clinging to a mother who no longer responded to them, or tugging the sleeve of a father who said nothing and gazed into nothing and had nothing in his eyes. The younger children couldn’t understand why they had to leave their parents. The older ones, some of whom had already lost parents of their own and who had seen it before, simply looked bleak and stayed dumb. Serafina picked up the little boy who’d fallen in the river, and who was crying out for his daddy, reaching back over Serafina’s shoulder to the silent figure still standing in the water, indifferent. Serafina felt his tears on her bare skin. The horsewoman, who wore rough canvas breeches and rode like a man, said nothing to the witches. Her face was grim. She moved the children on, speaking sternly, ignoring their tears. The evening sun suffused the air with a golden light in which every detail was clear and nothing was dazzling, and the faces of the children and the man and woman too seemed immortal and strong and beautiful. Later, as the embers of a fire glowed in a circle of ashy rocks and the great hills lay calm under the moon, Joachim Lorenz told Serafina and Ruta Skadi about the history of his world. It had once been a happy one, he explained. The cities were spacious and elegant, the fields well tilled and fertile. Merchant ships plied to and fro on the blue oceans, and fishermen hauled in brimming nets of cod and tunny, bass and mullet; the forests ran with game, and no children went hungry. In the courts and squares of the great cities ambassadors from Brasil and Benin, from Eireland and Corea mingled with tabaco sellers, with commedia players from Bergamo, with dealers in fortune bonds. At night masked lovers met under the rose-hung colonnades or in the lamp-lit gardens, and the air stirred with the scent of jasmine and throbbed to the music of the wire-strung mandarone. The witches listened wide-eyed to this tale of a world so like theirs and yet so different. â€Å"But it went wrong,† he said. â€Å"Three hundred years ago, it all went wrong. Some people reckon the philosophers’ Guild of the Torre degli Angeli, the Tower of the Angels, in the city we have just left, they’re the ones to blame. Others say it was a judgment on us for some great sin, though I never heard any agreement about what that sin was. But suddenly out of nowhere there came the Specters, and we’ve been haunted ever since. You’ve seen what they do. Now imagine what it is to live in a world with Specters in it. How can we prosper, when we can’t rely on anything continuing as it is? At any moment a father might be taken, or a mother, and the family fall apart; a merchant might be taken, and his enterprise fail, and all his clerks and factors lose their employment; and how can lovers trust their vows? All the trust and all the virtue fell out of our world when the Specters came.† â€Å"Who are these philosophers?† said Serafina. â€Å"And where is this tower you speak of?† â€Å"In the city we left – Cittagazze. The city of magpies. You know why it’s called that? Because magpies steal, and that’s all we can do now. We create nothing, we have built nothing for hundreds of years, all we can do is steal from other worlds. Oh, yes, we know about other worlds. Those philosophers in the Torre degli Angeli discovered all we need to know about that subject. They have a spell which, if you say it, lets you walk through a door that isn’t there, and find yourself in another world. Some say it’s not a spell but a key that can open even where there isn’t a lock. Who knows? Whatever it is, it let the Specters in. And the philosophers use it still, I understand. They pass into other worlds and steal from them and bring back what they find. Gold and jewels, of course, but other things too, like ideas, or sacks of corn, or pencils. They are the source of all our wealth,† he said bitterly, â€Å"that Guild of thieves.â⠂¬  â€Å"Why don’t the Specters harm children?† asked Ruta Skadi. â€Å"That is the greatest mystery of all. In the innocence of children there’s some power that repels the Specters of Indifference. But it’s more than that. Children simply don’t see them, though we can’t understand why. We never have. But Specter-orphans are common, as you can imagine – children whose parents have been taken; they gather in bands and roam the country, and sometimes they hire themselves out to adults to look for food and supplies in a Specter-ridden area, and sometimes they simply drift about and scavenge.† â€Å"So that is our world. Oh, we managed to live with this curse. They’re true parasites: they won’t kill their host, though they drain most of the life out of him. But there was a rough balance†¦ till recently, till the great storm. Such a storm it was! It sounded as if the whole world was breaking and cracking apart; there hadn’t been a storm like that in memory.† â€Å"And then there came a fog that lasted for days and covered every part of the world that I know of, and no one could travel. And when the fog cleared, the cities were full of the Specters, hundreds and thousands of them. So we fled to the hills and out to sea, but there’s no escaping them this time wherever we go. As you saw for yourselves.† â€Å"Now it’s your turn. You tell me about your world, and why you’ve left it to come to this one.† Serafina told him truthfully as much as she knew. He was an honest man, and there was nothing that needed concealing from him. He listened closely, shaking his head with wonder, and when she had finished, he said: â€Å"I told you about the power they say our philosophers have, of opening the way to other worlds. Well, some think that occasionally they leave a doorway open, out of forgetfulness; I wouldn’t be surprised if travelers from other worlds found their way here from time to time. We know that angels pass through, after all.† â€Å"Angels?† said Serafina. â€Å"You mentioned them before. They are new to us. Can you explain them?† â€Å"You want to know about angels?† said Joachim Lorenz. â€Å"Very well. Their name for themselves is bene elim, I’m told. Some call them Watchers, too. They’re not beings of flesh like us; they’re beings of spirit. Or maybe their flesh is more finely drawn than ours, lighter and clearer, I wouldn’t know; but they’re not like us. They carry messages from heaven, that’s their calling. We see them sometimes in the sky, passing through this world on the way to another, shining like fireflies way, way up high. On a still night you can even hear their wingbeats. They have concerns different from ours, though in the ancient days they came down and had dealings with men and women, and they bred with us, too, some say.† â€Å"And when the fog came, after the great storm, I was beset by Specters in the hills behind the city of Sant’Elia, on my way homeward. I took refuge in a shepherd’s hut by a spring next to a birch wood, and all night long I heard voices above me in the fog, cries of alarm and anger, and wingbeats too, closer than I’d ever heard them before; and toward dawn there was the sound of a skirmish of arms, the whoosh of arrows, and the clang of swords. I daredn’t go out and see, though I was powerfully curious, for I was afraid. I was stark terrified, if you want to know. When the sky was as light as it ever got during that fog, I ventured to look out, and I saw a great figure lying wounded by the spring. I felt as if I was seeing things I had no right to see – sacred things. I had to look away, and when I looked again, the figure was gone.† â€Å"That’s the closest I ever came to an angel. But as I told you, we saw them the other night, way high aloft among the stars, making for the Pole, like a fleet of mighty ships under sail†¦ Something is happening, and we don’t know down here what it may be. There could be a war breaking out. There was a war in heaven once, oh, thousands of years ago, immense ages back, but I don’t know what the outcome was. It wouldn’t be impossible if there was another. But the devastation would be enormous, and the consequences for us†¦ I can’t imagine it.† â€Å"Though,† he went on, sitting up to stir the fire, â€Å"the end of it might be better than I fear. It might be that a war in heaven would sweep the Specters from this world altogether, and back into the pit they come from. What a blessing that would be, eh! How fresh and happy we could live, free of that fearful blight!† Though Joachim Lorenz looked anything but hopeful as he stared into the flames. The flickering light played over his face, but there was no play of expression in his strong features; he looked grim and sad. Ruta Skadi said, â€Å"The Pole, sir. You said these angels were making for the Pole. Why would they do that, do you know? Is that where heaven lies?† â€Å"I couldn’t say. I’m not a learned man, you can see that plain enough. But the north of our world, well, that’s the abode of spirits, they say. If angels were mustering, that’s where they’d go, and if they were going to make an assault on heaven, I daresay that’s where they’d build their fortress and sally out from.† He looked up, and the witches followed his eyes. The stars in this world were the same as theirs: the Milky Way blazed bright across the dome of the sky, and innumerable points of starlight dusted the dark, almost matching the moon for brightness†¦ â€Å"Sir,† said Serafina, â€Å"did you ever hear of Dust?† â€Å"Dust? I guess you mean it in some other sense than the dust on the roads. No, I never did. But look! There’s a troop of angels now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He pointed to the constellation of Ophiuchus. And sure enough, something was moving through it, a tiny cluster of lighted beings. And they didn’t drift; they moved with the purposeful flight of geese or swans. Ruta Skadi stood up. â€Å"Sister, it’s time I parted from you,† she said to Serafina. â€Å"I’m going up to speak to these angels, whatever they may be. If they’re going to Lord Asriel, I’ll go with them. If not, I’ll search on by myself. Thank you for your company, and go well.† They kissed, and Ruta Skadi took her cloud-pine branch and sprang into the air. Her daemon, Sergi, a bluethroat, sped out of the dark alongside her. â€Å"We’re going high?† he said. â€Å"As high as those lighted fliers in Ophiuchus. They’re going swiftly, Sergi. Let’s catch them!† And she and her daemon raced upward, flying quicker than sparks from a fire, the air rushing through the twigs on her branch and making her black hair stream out behind. She didn’t look back at the little fire in the wide darkness, at the sleeping children and her witch companions. That part of her journey was over, and, besides, those glowing creatures ahead of her were no larger yet, and unless she kept her eye on them they were easily lost against the great expanse of starlight. So she flew on, never losing sight of the angels, and gradually as she came closer they took on a clearer shape. They shone not as if they were burning but as if, wherever they were and however dark the night, sunlight was shining on them. They were like humans, but winged, and much taller; and, as they were naked, the witch could see that three of them were male, two female. Their wings sprang from their shoulder-blades, and their backs and chests were deeply muscled. Ruta Skadi stayed behind them for some way, watching, measuring their strength in case she should need to fight them. They weren’t armed, but on the other hand they were flying easily within their power, and might even outstrip her if it came to a chase. Making her bow ready, just in case, she sped forward and flew alongside them, calling: â€Å"Angels! Halt and listen to me! I am the witch Ruta Skadi, and I want to talk to you!† They turned. Their great wings beat inward, slowing them, and their bodies swung downward till they were standing upright in the air, holding their position by the beating of their wings. They surrounded her, five huge forms glowing in the dark air, lit by an invisible sun. She looked around, sitting on her pine branch proud and unafraid, though her heart was beating with the strangeness of it, and her daemon fluttered to sit close to the warmth of her body. Each angel-being was distinctly an individual, and yet they had more in common with one another than with any human she had seen. What they shared was a shimmering, darting play of intelligence and feeling that seemed to sweep over them all simultaneously. They were naked, but she felt naked in front of their glance, it was so piercing and went so deep. Still, she was unashamed of what she was, and she returned their gaze with head held high. â€Å"So you are angels,† she said, â€Å"or Watchers, or bene elim. Where are you going?† â€Å"We are following a call,† said one. She was not sure which one had spoken. It might have been any or all of them at once. â€Å"Whose call?† she said. â€Å"A man’s.† â€Å"Lord Asriel’s?† â€Å"It may be.† â€Å"Why are you following his call?† â€Å"Because we are willing to,† came the reply. â€Å"Then wherever he is, you can guide me to him as well,† she ordered them. Ruta Skadi was four hundred and sixteen years old, with all the pride and knowledge of an adult witch queen. She was wiser by far than any short-lived human, but she had not the slightest idea of how like a child she seemed beside these ancient beings. Nor did she know how far their awareness spread out beyond her like filamentary tentacles to the remotest corners of universes she had never dreamed of; nor that she saw them as human-formed only because her eyes expected to. If she were to perceive their true form, they would seem more like architecture than organism, like huge structures composed of intelligence and feeling. But they expected nothing else: she was very young. At once they beat their wings and surged forward, and she darted with them, surfing on the turbulence their pinions caused in the air and relishing the speed and power it added to her flight. They flew throughout the night. The stars wheeled around them, and faded and vanished as the dawn seeped up from the east. The world burst into brilliance as the sun’s rim appeared, and then they were flying through blue sky and clear air, fresh and sweet and moist. In the daylight the angels were less visible, though to any eye their strangeness was clear. The light Ruta Skadi saw them by was still not that of the sun now climbing the sky, but some other light from somewhere else. Tirelessly they flew on and on, and tirelessly she kept pace. She felt a fierce joy possessing her, that she could command these immortal presences. And she rejoiced in her blood and flesh, in the rough pine bark she felt next to her skin, in the beat of her heart and the life of all her senses, and in the hunger she was feeling now, and in the presence of her sweet-voiced bluethroat daemon, and in the earth below her and the lives of every creature, plant and animal both; and she delighted in being of the same substance as them, and in knowing that when she died her flesh would nourish other lives as they had nourished her. And she rejoiced, too, that she was going to see Lord Asriel again. Another night came, and still the angels flew on. And at some point the quality of the air changed, not for the worse or the better, but changed nonetheless, and Ruta Skadi knew that they’d passed out of that world and into another. How it had happened she couldn’t guess. â€Å"Angels!† she called as she sensed the change. â€Å"How have we left the world I found you in? Where was the boundary?† â€Å"There are invisible places in the air,† came the answer. â€Å"Gateways into other worlds. We can see them, but you cannot.† Ruta Skadi couldn’t see the invisible gateway, but she didn’t need to: witches could navigate better than birds. As soon as the angel spoke, she fixed her attention on three jagged peaks below her and memorized their configuration exactly. Now she could find it again, if she needed to, despite what the angels might think. They flew on farther, and presently she heard an angel voice: â€Å"Lord Asriel is in this world, and there is the fortress he’s building†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They had slowed, and were circling like eagles in the middle airs. Ruta Skadi looked where one angel was pointing. The first faint glimmer of light was tinting the east, though all the stars above shone as brilliantly as ever against the profound velvet black of the high heavens. And on the very rim of the world, where the light was increasing moment by moment, a great mountain range reared its peaks – jagged spears of black rock, mighty broken slabs, and sawtooth ridges piled in confusion like the wreckage of a universal catastrophe. But on the highest point, which as she looked was touched by the first rays of the morning sun and outlined in brilliance, stood a regular structure: a huge fortress whose battlements were formed of single slabs of basalt half a hill in height, and whose extent was to be measured in flying time. Beneath this colossal fortress, fires glared and furnaces smoked in the darkness of early dawn, and from many miles away Ruta Skadi heard the clang of hammers and the pounding of great mills. And from every direction, she could see more flights of angels winging toward it, and not only angels, but machines too: steel-winged craft gliding like albatrosses, glass cabins under flickering dragonfly wings, droning zeppelins like huge bumblebees – all making for the fortress that Lord Asriel was building on the mountains at the edge of the world. â€Å"And is Lord Asriel there?† she said. â€Å"Yes, he is there,† the angels replied. â€Å"Then let’s fly there to meet him. And you must be my guard of honor.† Obediently they spread their wings and set their course toward the gold-rimmed fortress, with the eager witch flying before them. How to cite The Subtle Knife Chapter Six, Essay examples